For Web3 & Digital Assets

Legal counsel for web3 builders

Token questions, securities exposure, NFT rights, and entity structure for teams building on-chain.

How We Help Web3 Teams

The legal architecture behind products that touch digital assets.

Token & Securities Analysis

Howey exposure, token design review, and the line between utility and investment contract.

Entity & DAO Structure

The corporate wrapper for a protocol, a DAO, or a token-adjacent product.

NFT & Digital Asset IP

What buyers actually get — license terms, IP ownership, and royalty mechanics.

Terms & Disclosures

Platform terms, risk disclosures, and marketing review for on-chain products.

Payments & Money Transmission

Where custody, exchange, and transfer functions trigger licensing regimes.

Fundraising & Investor Paper

SAFEs, token warrants, and side letters for rounds with a token in the story.

Common questions from web3

Is our token a security?
The operative test is Howey: an investment of money, in a common enterprise, with an expectation of profit derived from the efforts of others. Courts apply it to the full picture — token design, marketing language, distribution mechanics, and what buyers were led to expect — not just the whitepaper's self-description. 'Utility token' is a design goal, not a legal conclusion, and the marketing deck is often more damaging than the tokenomics. Get the analysis done before distribution, because it cannot be unwound after.
Do we need an entity, or can the DAO just be a DAO?
An unwrapped DAO risks being treated as a general partnership — meaning members can carry personal liability for the DAO's obligations. Wrapper options have matured (Wyoming DAO LLCs, foundation structures, unincorporated nonprofit association statutes in some states), and the right one depends on treasury size, activity, and where contributors sit. The pattern to avoid is a treasury and active operations with no legal person around them.
What do NFT buyers actually own?
Whatever the license says — and if there is no license, far less than they assume. The token transfer conveys the token, not the copyright in the underlying work. A clear license should state what buyers can do (display, commercial use, derivatives), what the creator retains, how royalties work (and their enforceability limits), and what happens on resale. Ambiguity here creates both angry-community problems and consumer-protection exposure.
When does our product trigger money transmission licensing?
The risk rises when you take custody of user assets or sit in the flow of funds — exchanging, transferring, or holding value on behalf of others. FinCEN's guidance and state money-transmitter regimes each have their own lines, and non-custodial architecture is often the difference between a licensing question and a licensing obligation. This analysis should shape product architecture, not react to it.
How does a token affect our venture raise?
Investors will want token exposure papered — token warrants or side letters alongside the SAFE or equity — and diligence will examine any past token distributions closely. A clean raise requires a coherent story about how equity value and token value relate, who received tokens and under what exemption, and lockups that align the team with both instruments. Improvised token history is a leading cause of broken web3 deals.
Our marketing mentions returns and staking yields. Is that a problem?
Potentially a serious one. Yield language, price talk, and roadmap promises feed directly into the Howey analysis and can also draw state securities and consumer-protection attention. Marketing review is cheap relative to what it prevents: the enforcement record is full of projects whose legal posture was fine until the announcement thread wasn't.

The Legal Landscape for Web3

Web3 teams build inside a regulatory map that is still being drawn — securities law written in 1946 applied to token launches, money-transmission regimes designed for wire services applied to smart contracts, and IP doctrine stretched over assets that live on-chain. The projects that survive treat legal structure as part of the protocol design, not as paperwork bolted on before launch.

The Howey analysis is a whole-picture test

Token classification turns on economic reality: how the token was designed, distributed, and — critically — marketed. Discord announcements, yield language, and roadmap promises weigh as heavily as tokenomics documents. The practical discipline is doing the securities analysis before distribution and running marketing through the same lens afterward, because the enforcement record is full of projects undone by their own announcement threads.

Unwrapped DAOs are personal-liability machines

A treasury, active operations, and no legal entity is the pattern to avoid: courts have shown willingness to treat unwrapped DAOs as general partnerships, with member liability to match. Wrapper options — Wyoming DAO LLCs, foundations, unincorporated nonprofit associations — have matured enough that going unwrapped is a choice, and rarely the right one once real value is at stake.

NFT projects are license-drafting projects

The token conveys the token; everything else is the license. What buyers can do with the art, what the creator keeps, how royalties work and whether they survive marketplace changes, and what transfers on resale — all of it is drafting. Projects that skip this inherit both community conflict and consumer-protection risk, usually at the worst possible moment.

Custody is the regulatory trigger to design around

Money-transmission exposure follows the flow of funds: custody of user assets, exchange functions, and transfers on behalf of others each raise the licensing question under FinCEN guidance and state regimes. Non-custodial architecture is frequently the difference between a question and an obligation — which makes this a product-design conversation, not a compliance afterthought.

Raises with tokens in the story need coherent paper

Token warrants, side letters, lockups, and a defensible history of past distributions — investor diligence on web3 deals starts with the token story and works backward. Teams that papered their token history under real exemptions, aligned team lockups across equity and tokens, and can explain how the two instruments relate close faster and at better terms.

Where Code Meets Counsel

Promise Legal delivers legal work up to 80% faster by combining seasoned attorney judgment with engineering-grade infrastructure: our proprietary Recursive™ methodology, an AI-powered research wiki, and automated workflows. We've spent six years building these tools — so clients get the speed of modern technology with the judgment of experienced counsel.

Legal work for clients backed by top accelerators and organizations

Y Combinator Techstars Capital Factory SXSW Wikimedia Foundation

More for Web3 on the Blog

Plain-English analysis on the legal questions web3 actually face — from our attorneys at Promise Legal Insights.

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